|
Henrys Fork CWMA Biological Controls |
|
|
|
Biological weed control involves the deliberate introduction and establishment of natural enemies to reduce the target plant's competitive or reproductive capacities. Insects are the most common agent released against noxious weeds. However, plant pathogens, such as fungi, are increasing in use. Sheep and goats have been effective in reducing densities and limiting spread of specific weed species. Biological control can be a slow process, often requiring 5 to 20 years to be effective. Its purpose is not eradication but a reduction in densities and rate of weed spread to an acceptable level. It is most effective on dense weed infestations over large areas.
The 2009 Chester Wetlands Project was initiated to target thistle species that border riparian corridors. Before Idaho
Fish and Game
purchased the Chester Wetlands, heavy grazing resulted in the release of
several noxious weed species
throughout the 1500 acre complex. With the discovery of Ute Ladies Tresses, a threatened orchid, weed management has been difficult at times. No herbicide can be used in these orchid sites which are in close proximity to water and thistles. Therefore, an ongoing effort to place bio control in these orchid sites took place in the spring of 2009. Two colonies of Urophora carduii were donated by Nez Perce bio control and were placed in March. Sixteen colonies of Urophora carduii were placed in late spring and eight colonies of Ceutorhynchus litura were placed in late summer. Milestone and 2-4-D were applied on the 1500 acre complex with the help of Idaho Fish and Game, Fremont County, Madison County, and BLM. Approximately 430 acres were treated. Plans for 2010 are to continue bio control and herbicide applications.
The Fremont County Bio project received 11 colonies of Cyphocleonus achates during 2009. They were released on a large infestation of Spotted knapweed above St. Anthony.
releases on Harriman State Park. The main target weed in 2009 was Canada thistle, but plumeless thistle and spotted knapweed were also treated with herbicide. Bio- control releases were started in the riparian areas along the Henry’s Fork. At seven different sites, a total of 2,300 Urophora cardui were released, and 1,300 Ceutrhynchus litura were released. The bio-control project was not completed as planned due to problems encountered with the bio-control supplier. Revisiting release sites in August revealed the gall flies rapidly established at the release sites. Both the herbicide treatments and bio-control releases are anticipated to continue in 2010.
HFCWMA is also involved in the "Holding the Line" Bio Saturation Project to protect Yellowstone National Park. For more information on this Project visit: http://www.helpholdtheline.com/
For more information on biological controls of Noxious weeds click on the following links:
|